...discussion by providing a general overview of the impacts of corruption on the world’s economy. According to the UN Secretary-General, corruption represents 5% of the global GDP, and the World...
...findings based on indicators of corruption and stated that “after examining typical indicators of corruption (lack of evidence, brevity negotiations, unusual payments arrangements, disproportionately high remuneration, corruption endemic in-country concerned,...
...to a tribunal becomes particularly important because direct evidence is rarely available to prove fraud and corruption.”). See also Aloysius Llamzon, Proving Corruption, in Corruption in International Investment Arbitration 225,...
...framework, including ICSID’s framework, inadvertently incentivizes state corruption. As these critics point out, ICSID arbitrators have never reached the merits of a case involving corruption; thus, states can immunize themselves...
...ISDS cases involving Central Asian states has been corruption allegations and the corruption defense. Rubinina explained that while corruption was a global issue, Central Asian states demonstrated a propensity for...
...itself implicitly recognized the deficiencies of the judiciary.[10] Corruption is one of the primary challenges. It has virtually penetrated into all fields of state activity and has become the major...
...the Interpretation of Contracts (Vol. 29(4) September 2019) Corruption Natália Rincon, TagTime with Vladimir Khvalei – Corruption in international arbitration: red flags, burden and standard of proof (Blog, February 4,...
...there are still challenges to implementing BITs given the high corruption, lack of transparency of courts, and partial change of frequent change of political establishment. Green investment is another promising...
...(the “FAA”).[5] Section 10 specifies four grounds for vacating awards: (i) where the evidence was procured by corruption, fraud or undue means; (ii) where there was evident partiality or corruption...
...example, courts in India restricted such ground from being taken unless the award “shocks the conscience of the Court,” was “induced or affected by fraud and corruption,” or conflicts with...
...the standard of “willful disregard” set by Mondev necessarily includes an “evidence of intention or malice, collusion, corruption, or flagrant abuse” by its judicial system.[20] The Claimant on the other...
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