...the right to make procedural applications, submit briefs (including evidence), raise defenses, and even issue “follow-on-notices” [Weiterverkündung] to other third parties (such as sub-subcontractors). Some of the aforementioned rights may...
...trade and investment. Therefore, a model like systemic integration to resolve this dichotomy is critical. The implication of systemic integration as a common rule of interpretation would be threefold: defenses...
...and deviation from such contractual preconditions. In addition, no matter of the substantive defenses taken by the opposing party, the two situations of empty formality and interim relief exception are...
...if a party is not 100% successful in its claims and when the respondent is partly successful in its defenses. In cost shifting, tribunals take into consideration the behavior and...
...defenses to be invoked in other scenarios, such as enforcement actions or execution proceedings. Minimum judicial intervention As a general principle, Article 67 of the Arbitration Statute states that, in...
...force and effect of federal law. By its terms, the New York Convention broadly favors the enforceability of foreign arbitral awards, subject to limited enumerated defenses to enforcement concerned with...
...have been too restrictive on parties, as empirical information indicates that the large majority of all force majeure defenses are unsuccessful.[6] In light of this data, it is uncertain how...
...must also be qualified by the counterpart defenses, derogations, and limitations inherent in these bodies of law. States’ receptiveness to the binding scope, implementation, and enforcement of these bodies of...
...Unión Fenosa Gas, S.A. v. Arab Republic of Egypt, the UKSC cited Micula & Ors v. Romania to put forward the idea that even if the defenses before an ICSID...
...enforcement. This makes it impossible “for a State to rely on defenses such as those contained in the New York Convention.” It does not, however, eliminate the applicability of the...
...critical result-determinative decisions to admit or reject defenses solely on evidentiary grounds. Considering that almost every arbitral case is decided on the basis of evidence, a careful examination of the...
...Convention nor its implementing legislation required personal jurisdiction over the defendant and that lack of personal jurisdiction was not among the New York Convention’s defenses to recognition and enforcement, the...
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